Intellectual Foundations

The mathematicians and theorists who first subjected uncertainty to rigorous analysis.

The Lineage

Rigour before intuition.
Always.

Their frameworks — probability theory, Bayesian inference, information theory, game theory — are the tools we use to reason clearly where signal meets noise. We stand on the shoulders of those who first proved that markets are not random, and that uncertainty can be quantified.

01

Pierre de Fermat

Combinatorial probability

1601 – 1665
02

Blaise Pascal

Expected value

1623 – 1662
03

Jacob Bernoulli

Law of large numbers

1655 – 1705
04

Abraham de Moivre

Normal distribution

1667 – 1754
05

Daniel Bernoulli

Expected utility

1700 – 1782
06

Thomas Bayes

Posterior probability

1701 – 1761
07

Leonhard Euler

Graph theory

1707 – 1783
08

Marquis de Condorcet

Jury theorem

1743 – 1794
09

Pierre-Simon Laplace

Bayesian inference

1749 – 1827
10

Adrien-Marie Legendre

Method of least squares

1752 – 1833
11

Carl Friedrich Gauss

Error theory

1777 – 1855
12

Francis Galton

Regression to the mean

1822 – 1911
13

Andrey Markov

Markov chains

1856 – 1922
14

John von Neumann

Game theory

1903 – 1957
15

Claude Shannon

Information theory

1916 – 2001